Current understanding of Autism recognises that it is a different brain type (neurotype), not a disorder, and that there are a wide range of different presentations of Autism. This has led to the saying “If you know one person with Autism, you know one person with Autism.”
Currently, Autism is assessed against a medical model, the DSM-5-TR, which defines the symptoms of Autism as lifelong, impactful difficulties in social reciprocity, non-verbal communication, as well as developing, sustaining, and understanding relationships, with repetitive behaviours, rigidity, narrow range of interests and/or sensory hyper- or hypo-sensitivity.
This has led to stigma, discrimination, misunderstanding, and under recognition of Autistic individuals, because many Autistic people do not identify with this description of their identities.
A more neuroaffirming view of Autism is that it is a neurotype characterised by lifelong differences (not deficits) in social communication, prioritising of verbal over non-verbal communication, greater ease in relationships with other Autistic people, as well as sensory differences, deep or special interests (SPINs), and use of routines and /or repetitive movements “stims” to self-regulate.
These differences may lead to significant mental health challenges, distress, or challenges in daily life because of the expectations on the person to behave